Georgia Douglas Johnson Harlem Renaissance Writer

Georgia Douglas Johnson (September 10, 1880 - May 14, 1966) was among the women who were Harlem Renaissance figures. She was a pioneer in the black theatre movement, a prolific writer of more than 28 plays and many poems. She challenged both racial and gender barriers to success as a poet, writer, and playwright.  She was called the Lady Poet of the New Negro Renaissance. She is especially known for her four poetry works,  The Heart of a Woman  (1918),  Bronze  (1922),  AnAutumn Love Cycle  (1928), and  Share My World  (1962) Background Georgia Douglas Johnson was born Georgia Douglas Camp in Atlanta, Georgia, into an interracial family. She graduated from the Normal School of Atlanta University in 1893. Georgia Douglas taught in Marietta and Atlanta Georgia. She left teaching in 1902 to attend Oberlin Conservatory of Music, intending to become a composer. She returned to teaching in Atlanta, and became an assistant principal. She married Henry Lincoln Johnson, an attorney and government worker in Atlanta active in the Republican Party. Writing and Salons Moving to Washington, DC, in 1909 with her husband and two children, Georgia Douglas Johnsons home was often the site of salons or gatherings of African American writers and artists. She called her home the Half-Way House, and often took in those who had no other place to live. Georgia Douglas Johnson published her first poems in 1916 in the NAACPs Crisis magazine, and her first book of poetry in 1918, The Heart of a Woman, focusing on the experience of a woman. Jessie Fauset helped her select the poems for the book. In her 1922 collection, Bronze, she responded to early criticism by focusing more on racial experience. She wrote more than 200 poems, 40 plays, 30 songs, and edited 100 books by 1930. These were often performed in community venues common to what was called the New Negro theatre: not for profit locations including churches, YWCAs, lodges, schools. Many of her plays, written in the 1920s, fall into the category of lynching drama. She was writing at a time when organized opposition to lynching was part of social reform, and while lynching was still occurring at a high rate especially in the South.   Her husband reluctantly supported her writing career until his death in 1925. In that year, President Coolidge appointed Johnson to a position as Commissioner of Conciliation in the Department of Labor, recognizing her late husbands support of the Republican Party. But she needed her writing to help support herself and her children. Her home was open in the 1920s and early 1930s to the African American artists of the day, including  Langston Hughes,  Countee Cullen,  Angelina Grimke,  W.E.B. DuBois,  James Weldon Johnson,  Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Mary Burrill, and Anne Spencer. Georgia Douglas Johnson continued to write, publishing her best-known book, An Autumn Love Cycle, in 1925. She struggled with poverty after her husband died in 1925. She wrote a syndicated weekly newspaper column from 1926-1932. More Difficult Years After she lost the Department of Labor job in 1934, in the depths of the  Great Depression, Georgia Douglas Johnson worked as a teacher, librarian, and file clerk in the 1930s and 1940s. She found it difficult to get published. Her anti-lynching writings of the 1920s and 1930s were mostly not published at the time; some have been lost. During World War II she published poems and read some on radio shows. In the 1950s Johnson  found it difficult to publish poems with a more political message.  She continued writing plays into the era of the Civil Rights movement, though by that time other black women writers were more likely to be noticed and published, including Lorraine Hansberry, whose  Raisin in the Sun  dates to 1959. Reflecting her early interest in music, she included music in some of her plays. In 1965 Atlanta University awarded Georgia Douglas Johnson an honorary doctorate. She saw to her sons education; Henry Johnson, jr., completed Bowdoin College and then Howard University law school. Peter Johnson attended Dartmouth college and Howard University medical school. Georgia Douglas Johnson died in 1966, shortly after finishing a Catalogue of Writings, mentioning 28 plays. Much of her unpublished work was lost, including many papers thrown away after her funeral. In 2006, Judith L. Stephens published a book of Johnsons known plays. Family Background Father: George CampMother: Laura Jackson CampBorn in Atlanta, Georgia; birth year is uncertain, given as early as 1877 and as late as 1886Her mixed race heritage (African American on both sides, English on her fathers, Native American on her mothers) is a theme that she explores in some of her writings. Education Atlanta University Normal School (graduated 1893)Oberlin Conservatory of Music (1902)Cleveland College of Music Marriage and Children Husband: Henry Lincoln Johnson (married 1903; lawyer; appointed recorder of deeds, Washington, 1912; Republican National Committeeman from Georgia, 1920 to 1925)Children: Henry Lincoln Johnson, Jr. (born 1906) and Peter Douglas Johnson (born 1907)

Compatibilism Essays - 873 Words

There are 3 basic views that can be taken on the view of determinism, (1) deny its reality, either because of the existence of free will or on independent grounds; (2) accept its reality but argue for its compatibility with free will; or (3) accept its reality and deny its compatibility with free will.In this paper I am going to be defending the view compatibilism, specifically W. T. Stace’s view of compatibilism. Compatibilism is the idea that determinism is true, every event in the world is caused, and that free will still exists. Stace defends this view by saying the problem is the definition of free will. The current definition of what free will is a completely and wholly uncaused action. However this obviously would be completely†¦show more content†¦There are a few criticisms that are brought up against this compatibles view; in fact Stace brings up possible objections himself. The first that I will consider is that there are some cases that are borderline. For example, if somebody has a gun and puts it to your head and commands you to do something it seems that you would have to do it even though the person with the gun is not physically forcing you to do it. However I do not believe this to be a borderline case at all, even if someone is holding a gun to your head you are still making the decision to do whatever it is that they are telling you to do. It is still of your own me ntal state that you will do it out of your own perceived state that whatever they are asking you to do would be preferable to your own death. The second objection that he presents is that if you could somehow know that somebody was going to do an action before they did it (even though this itself is very hard to believe) then how could they have done otherwise. However I do not understand how this is detrimental to this argument of compatibilism. Obviously if someone somehow new 100% for sure that you were going to do something then to even ask if the person could have done otherwise is completely absurd, they obviously would have, as in the first part of the statement its said that they couldn’t. Basically saying that hypothetically you will do an action withShow MoreRelatedTraditional Compatibilism Examples854 Words   |  4 Pagescompatibilist has a simple outlook on a subject that any average human being can grasp. On the outside, it may look confusing, but traditional c ompatibilism is simple once you get through the vocabulary and a few examples. In this essay, I will cover the traditional compatibilists’ analysis on free will, give an example of a counterexample to traditional compatibilism, and my thoughts on why or why not the counterexample is successful in rejecting the traditional compatibilist analysis of free will. ToRead MoreDeterminism, Compatibilism And Libertarianism1955 Words   |  8 Pagesis our life just a script we follow? The question of free will has stumped philosophers for years, in which philosophers have disagreed on the conclusion. There are several perspectives on this issue, the most popular of which are determinism, compatibilism and libertarianism. By discussing the similarities and differences of these perspectives, as well as the strengths and weaknesses, we can determine which of these is most accurate. Determinism is â€Å"the view that every event, including human actionsRead MorePhilosophy comparing libertarianism, compatibilism, and determinism2363 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Comparing Determinism, Compatibilism, and Libertarianism Patrick C Smith Ivy Tech Community College The question that the textbook poses at the very beginning of chapter four is, â€Å"Are you Free† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 172)? Most people would look at this question as pretty cut and dry and would answer a resounding yes. Philosophically speaking, it is not that easy of an answer. You have to be willing to look at the question with an open mind, and askRead MoreComparing Compatibilism Vs Incompatibilism : A Compatibilist View1332 Words   |  6 PagesCompatibilism vs Incompatibilism: a compatibilist view Does determinism imply that there is no free will, as the incompatibilists argue, or does it allow for free will, as the compatibilists argue? Determinism is the doctrine, that every event, as well as human actions is determined by causes that are independent to the will. From determinism, two opposing views were identified. The incompatibilists view that determinism implies no free will, or the compatibilists view that determinism still allowsRead MoreWhat Is Determinism, Libertarianism, And Compatibilism1161 Words   |  5 Pages In such discussion they have come up with multiple theories. The three I’ll address today are determinism, libertarianism, and compatibilism; are we products of our past unable to choose another course, or are our actions free from the chain of causality and thus our own? I believe that you can’t take these two questions as black and white. In my opinion compatibilism - which attempts to merge free will and determinism - explains our situation as humans, with a sense of moral responsibility, moreRead MoreFree Will : Causal Determinism, Fatalism, And Compatibilism Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesOn Free Will: Causal Determinism, Fatalism, and Compatibilism. The philosophical questioning of free will is really a matter of the volition of man. That is, free will is a central dogma that many subscribe to that empowers them to be accountable for their own lives and that provides meaning to something that is largely unknown. Free will proves to be a profound and highly debated topic in the philosophical realm. Whether free will truly exists or not is largely implicating in how one perceives theRead MorePersuasive Essay : Animal Lover979 Words   |  4 Pagesbought her and begged to buy her back. Thankfully, he let me purchase her. However, my mother found out that I did this, and I was greatly punished for my acts of rebellion. This morally wrong action that I pursued can be described in terms of compatibilism and determinism. In order to do so, these terms must first be defined. Determinism is the theory that everything in the universe is defined by casual laws (p 218). Human actions in determinism are not free. They are all caused by heredity and environmentRead MoreDo We Have a Free Will? Essay example1462 Words   |  6 Pageseach other in account of our deeds that we had made wrong choices. In Compatibility and moral defense, if an individual is not responsible for the intention then how can that person be responsible for the act? One powerful contemporary form of compatibilism, which is the right answer is â€Å"why not?† one should not think that by somebody`s actions are a result of mental state. Thus, someone ought to do a given task or function if she or he has the ability to do it. The truth of determinism gives us noRead MoreCompatibilism vs. Imcompatibilism: Is There Really Free Will1043 Words   |  5 Pageseach side and to draw possible conclusions to the question and existence of free will. The compatibilist and incompatiblists agree that there are other worlds where there is free will but disagree on the fact that determinism is true. 　　 　　 　　 　　Compatibilism is the idea that there is a connection between ones free will and the actions we take. We are solely responsible for the actions we take. Compatibilists believe that we can be living in a pre determined life, but our free will goes unchanged. WeRead MoreThe Theory Of Free Will950 Words   |  4 Pagesnormally either free or unfree considering the conditions that provoke them. However, the baseline in withholding or granting the acknowledgments of moral responsibility depends on society’s viewpoint. Hard determinism, therefore, is typical of compatibilism, a belief that determinism and free will are compatible ideologies (Koons, 2002). Thus, compatibilist belief holds that it is acceptable to believe in something without being rationally inconsistent. Skinner and Bandura in their studies acknowledged

Google Glass Engineering & Technology

Question: 1. Understand the use of technology to support independent living2. Understand the implications of developments in technologies for use in health and social care3. Be able to recommend technologies to support independent living for users of health and social care services? Answer: Introduction - Task 1 This Essay would give information on how technology can help in living independently in terms of health care. The next section would give details on what could be the barriers of using these technologies in health care. The last section would provide information on how the technology can be used by social organizations. Use of technology in health and social care in living independently The definition of independence is different for every individual. It may include the consideration of a person to live in his own house. It can be for someone participation of an individual in the society or to have a kind of privacy in his own living. Independence does not mean the over-reliance on the friends or the family. Independence actually means the ability of a person to be able to care for himself and become independent for doing his work. Independent living with the assistance of technology is an episode which brings together people with extended term neurological circumstances, researchers, careers, voluntary association or group and a variety of professional involved in the health and other social care sectors (Bond R and Hurst J 2010). There is an increase in the social care for the individuals specially for disabled and senior citizens. The purpose of doing the special care is to provide independent living to the individual. This purpose of independent living can be ac hieved by providing them privacy and facilitating them with the technology that can help them to have independent living (Coughlin, J 2006). The facilities like special communities, health services and various other social needs are provided with the help of technology. The Telecare helps an individual to keep a watch on the fitness and well being. This can be attained with the help of various systems that can be used to monitor the health of an individual specially for disabled and senior citizens with the help of technology (Carter B 2014). For the person in case study technology can be used to monitor and plan the health care. As the person lives independently so the technology can provide the tool to support the requirement of this person. Barrier while using technology in living independently There is vast agreement in the writing with reference to the main barriers regarding the adoption and efficient use of technology in various health services. There are different types of barriers and are discussed below: Financial and business barriers Financial and business barriers are the kind of barriers which generally exist where there is a lack of actual proof of the financial impact related to IT in healthcare (Grimmer K 2004). In this kind of barrier there is an absence of clarity regarding the specified benefit of the practitioners and other staff involved in health services. This type of Barrier usually creates confusion on who should bear the cost of IT in health care set-up. Structural barriers These kind of barriers are chiefly a purpose of the composition of the health care system and these barriers do not remain same in other countries. It generally varies with the variation of the country (Honigman, B 2013). IT requires proper condition and structural setup to support health care which might not be possible to every country. Cultural barriers One of the major barriers assumed in health care services is cultural barrier. This kind of barrier generally takes lots of time with the perspective of a doctor. This kind of barrier includes the Electronic health reporting, which involves the clinical view point of health IT. In this type of barrier, there is panic that it may depersonalize the health care service. The other concern is the rapport with their patient. Their concern also regarding the confidentiality and privacy of the patient. Technical and professional barriers This type of barrier has one of the major drawbacks of lack of harmonization between the clinical workflow of the health care and the system. The doctors involved in the decision of purchasing various medicines are not properly trained. There is a lack of the qualified staff, which is involved with the consultants who are acting or working as system developers. These people have no information regarding the biomedical informatics. There is also a shortage of workforce involved in the process of implementation and also it lacks in the strategic managerial process for developing the commitment. Benefits of technologies to health and social organizations Appropriate use of technology can give lots of benefits to a person and even to the health care organization(Escoto C 2005). There are quite a few options available in modern technology which would be helpful to the social organization in providing an individual with the required care. Some of these technologies are listed below. These technologies can also be used by the person mentioned in case study 1 which would help in the treatment. Passive was of Monitoring With the help of Telehealth monitoring there is actually decreasing in unnecessary visits to the practitioners. One can make use of these monitoring for emergency services and the readmissions in various hospitals. The purpose of Telehealth services is to provide the satisfaction of the patients and improve on quality service of life. The better health services can be achieved with the Telehealth service. The data collected at the patient's home are reviewed by various practitioners on a daily basis with the help of which they can guide the patient. Even the case study has a person who lives independently so the mode of technology can be used to monitor the health of the person on a frequent basis. Usage of Internet Every individual has the desire to interact with the other individual. If the individual is disabled then it becomes necessary for the individual to get connected with the help of technology as it performs the platform to the individual to share his ideas. This can be achieved if the individual has connected himself with the technology through the internet (Rogers R, Peres Y and Mller W 2010). An individual irrespective of his disability can make use of technology like Messaging, Community, Activity, Virtual reality, E-Commerce, Voice or Video Over IP. There are chances that the person mentioned in the case study might be required to interact with someone online and would not be in a position to travel, internet can help the person achieve this requirement. Introduction - Task 2 The Essay would look at different concerns around using technology in the health care. The next section of this essay would provide details about the importance of ethics while using technology in health care. The last part of the essay would look at different recent developments in technology which can be used in health care. Health and Safety concerns while using technology Even though the technology might be very much useful in health care while living independently, it also possesses some serious concerns. Some of these require a deeper look before implementing technology in health care. One of the major aspect is that technology based systems are sometimes very complex, which in turn result in hiding the actual cause of the problem related to health. Complicated system is usually consumes to understand and can result in bigger problems to patients (Willems C, Spreeuwenberg M and Claassen R 2010). The problem might not be just related to the technology it might also be related to a human being who is handling these devices, so usually there is a possibility of 2 types of error which are programmatic or human (Shang F, Guihen E and Glennon J 2011). The concern is that the program is not only with the tools it can also be related to how much knowledge a person have of using the tool. The Human factor is a major safety concern while using technology in h ealth care. There are examples of issue caused by use of technology in a wrong way. In one of the cases a pop-up message blocked the actual blood reading of a patient, which in turn resulted in wrong diagnostics based on the pop-up message which was interpreted wrongly. The devices have to be made smart to support the doctor's decision rather that making doctor remember things to operate the device. Major safety issues can occur if the device stops functioning at a critical point in time, So too much dependency on technology can be harmful and there has to be a human involvement required for decision making and technology should just assist in these decision points. Importance of ethics while using technology To maintain ethics while using technology can be extremely challenging in some cases. As there are already lots of complications around ethical relationships between patient and physician. The health information should be kept protected, there are different types of health information which could be Oral, electronic, physical (Binka, F I. D. Norman F 2011). Health information can be related to patients present or past, it becomes ethically very important for a health care center to keep privacy of this information. This information is sometime available to not just the physician but other parties involved and it becomes very important to be ethically right in the way this information is shared and used. If this information is used in a wrong way than the patient can have some serious impact on his life. The person can loss employment due to the medical condition (Li S 2006). The person can suffer on medical insurance due to the information being shared across by the health care organ ization. It becomes implicit that the health care institutes follow the ethics and inform the patient about sharing of any such information with third parties. Recent developments in technology and its effects on health Care There have been multiple technological developments in the field of health. There are enormous researches being conducted to make sure that technology plays its part in the near future. Some of these developments are listed below. Clinical Trials - Microchips Modeling The capability to streamline, transform, and improve the health care system is quite big. The Microchips Modeling Clinical Trial came into existence as there is vast scope of the opportunities and there is required for the innovative ways of clinical trials. The basic aim of this kind of trials is to conduct various experiments on the animals successfully and implement the correct results on the human beings (Bridges J and Jones C 2007). In this way the successful treatment of human beings would be possible and ultimately the life of innocent animals can be saved. The microchips used in this type of trials are smaller in size as compared to the thumb of the human being. These microchips can be used for constructing the complex interface between capillaries and the organs. Google Glass which is a Wearable Technology The originator of this technology is Dr. Rafael Grossmann. This kind of technology is used in the surgical processes. The believe of this technology is to improve the experience of patient, practitioner and With the help of this technology doctor can simultaneously interact with the patient and search the patients medical history with the help of Google Glass (A. Kalinauckas 2015). Doctors can treat their patients with the help of this technology while sitting a distance apart. This can be done either on the phone or with the use of electronic mails. The data collected by Dr. Rafael suggest that every year patient dies only due to the reason of their not ability to reach at proper time with the accurate practitioner. But this fact does not hold true in the country like the United States as almost 30 % of the people do not live near the trauma centers still in case of emergency their lives can be saved with the help of this kind of technology. Operating Rooms which are Hybrid The Hybrid operating room is the new version of OR. This is a new technology in the medical field with the aim to improve the best care being delivered to the patients and improving various skills of the practitioners while administrating treatment to their patients (Hix A and Beck R 1971). One of the examples of this kind of technology is center of Lakeland regional Media. In this operating room instead of traditional methods of treatment there is a need to find and use innovative methods for the treatment of the patient.With the use of the operating room technology, there is a reduction in the cases of trauma, rehabilitation and scarring (Atkins D and Cullen T 2013). Also the stay of the patient has reduced. 3.0 Task3 Special requirements for the person in case study 2 to help with independent living The case study clearly distinguishes Maggie as a person who has an independent living lifestyle. There is a clear need to monitor Maggies day to day activities based on the fact that there are high chances that medication might be missed. As Maggie would be classified in the category of a senior citizen, there is a special need that food habit be kept under a watch. Maggie is staying alone, there are bright chances that she would prefer to go for food with high calories which would cause problems in future. There is a special need for this person to do some basic exercise to avoid weight and other related problems. The other major problem which Maggie has is related to her disease of Dementia which is basically a reduction in mental ability this can lead to problems in daily life.There are high chances that Maggie might forget to take her medication for days as Dementia patients usually suffer from memory loss problems. As there is no other person living with Maggie it is extremely i mportant that she makes use of technology. Maggie also needs help with technology to reduce the confusion around day and time. There is a special requirement for Maggie to keep on reminding her of the pending tasks for the day and to indicate when is a better time to go out and stay at home. Devices which can be used by person in case study 2 which would help with independent living Technology can play a big part in providing adequate support to make sure that Maggie is able to live independently. It would help Maggie to have something from technology, which would act as a reminder and keep on reminding Maggie about when is the time to take medication. The other technology, which can help Maggie is the something which can keep track on the calorie intake and calories burned for the day. This technology can help in making sure that Maggie maintains her health. It would be better if the technology is used to keep a surveillance is kept on Maggie by her daughter to make sure that Maggie is not leaving home at an inappropriate time of the day. As due to the medical condition sometime it would become difficult for Maggie to do even day to day task, so technology can help in supporting these activities (Alzheimers Association Green-Field Library 2013). The most helpful technology would be to keep track of where Maggie is about to go and in how much time should Maggie return. By this technology Maggie would be able to manage the day and time activities which have been mismanaged. There should be some technology by using which Maggie should be able to trigger if some urgent or emergency help is required. Use of technology for users of health and social care services. Technology can be used by health and social care service to provide support to the patients. Health care center can have a 24/7 helpline number or even online support using the internet. Patients can check some basic symptoms which would help them give some First Aid options till emergency care arrives. There is rapid growth in devices which would help health and social care services to monitor the patient every time. Based on these monitoring various reports can be generated which would assist the physician to take care and diagnose the patients. Technology can also be used to share the past patient health information related data in a secured way to other physicians. Some of the rare cases can be discussed by experts online even surgeries can be performed under the guidance of expert physicians in that area. Some of these technologies are already being used and have shown that it can provide enormous support. There are technologies such can lenses which can be used to monitor blood sugar level, which can be used by the health and social care services can be help cure the patients (Rogers R, Peres Y and Mller W 2010). Health and Social care service can use technology to develop high performance operating theatre where patients can be provided with extra care which would help the patient take care of them. The equipment in the operating theatre should be designed in such a way that it would help the patient manage themselves in health care even if they are independent. References: Kalinauckas (2015) News: 7 Problems with: Google Glass.Engineering Technology. 10 (2), 16-17. Alzheimers Association Green-Field Library (2013) [Online]AVAILABLEat:https://www.alz.org/libraryDOWNLOADS/search_assistivetechnology.pdf (accessed 08/ 06/ 15). Alzheimer's Society (2015)Assistive technology - devices to HELPwith everyday living - Alzheimer's Society. [Online] Available at:https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=109(accessed 08/ 06/ 15). Atkins D and Cullen T (2013) The Future of Health Information Technology.Medical Care, 1. Binka, F I. D. Norman F (2011) Ethics and Electronic Health Information Technology: Challenges for Evidence-Based Medicine and the Physician-Patient Relationship. Ghana Medical Journal. 45 (3), 115. Available at:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3266146(accessed 08/ 06/ 15). (Binka, F I. D. Norman, 2011) Bond, R and Hurst, J (2010) How adults with learning disabilities view living independently.British Journal of Learning Disabilities. 38 (4), 286-292. Bridges, J and Jones, C (2007) Patient-based health technology assessment: A vision of the future.International Journal of Technology Assessment in HEALTH CARE. 23 (01). Carter B (2014) Technology adoption in health care: International barriers and opportunities to telemedicine.Journal ofCHILD HEALTH CARE. 18 (4), 299-301. Coughlin, J (2006) Old Age, New Technology, and Future Innovations in Disease Management and HOME Health Care.Home Health Care Management Practice. 18 (3), 196-207. Escoto C (2005) Beyond the INTERNET: Technology and the Future of Health Care.PsycCRITIQUES. 50 (42). Grimmer K (2004) Experiences of elderly patients regarding independent community living after discharge from hospital: a longitudinal study.International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 16 (6), 465-472. Hix A and Beck R (1971) FUTURE OPERATING ROOMS.Anesthesiology. 34 (3), 300. Hodgson J and Quinn J (1980) The Impact of the Triage Health Care Delivery System Upon Client Morale,INDEPENDENT LIVINGand the Cost of Care.The Gerontologist. 20 (3 Part 1), 364-371. Honigman, B (2013)7 Biggest Innovations in Health Care Technology | referralMD. [Online] Available at:https://getreferralmd.com/2013/11/health-care-technology-innovations-2013-infographic(accessed 08/ 06/ 15). Li S (2006) Clinical Analysis by Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis.Clinical Chemistry. 52 (1), 37-45. Lubitz J (2005) Health, Technology, And Medical Care Spending.Health Affairs. Mahesh S and Crow S (2012) Managing Information TechnologyHUMAN RESOURCESin HEALTH CARE.The Health Care Manager. 31 (1), 34-43. Marks P (2013) A healthy dose of Google Glass.New Scientist. 219 (2936), 22-23. Moor G (1999) The future and the impact of telematics for health care.IJHTM. 1 (3/4), 255. Muller C (1992) Objective Health Care Technology Evaluation-.Social Work in Health Care. 16 (1), 119-132. Rice S (2014)New technology can pose dangers if human factor not considered. Adjust for how it will be used. [Online]AVAILABLEat:https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140816/MAGAZINE/308169986(accessed 08/ 06/ 15). Rogers R, Peres Y and Mller W (2010) Living longer independently a HEALTHCAREinteroperability perspective.e i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. 127 (7-8), 206-211. Shang F, Guihen E and Glennon J (2011) Recent advances in miniaturisation - The role of microchip electrophoresis in clinical analysis.ELECTROPHORESIS. 33 (1), 105-116. Willems C, Spreeuwenberg M and Claassen R (2010) Activity monitoring as part of care delivery to INDEPENDENTLY LIVINGseniors.Gerontechnology. 9 (2).

The Lost Art Of Typography Essays - Social Science Fiction

The Lost Art Of Typography Neil Postman's Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business was published in 1985. The theories and concepts described in the book could easily apply to today's world. Postman goes to great detail in his book about the development of public discourse (verbal and written communication) over the centuries. He explains how the development and evolution of communication over mankind's history has changed at critical points. These critical points include the development of the alphabet, the development of the printing press, the development of the telegraph and the development of the television. Postman argues that American society in particular is in danger since it relies so much on television. Postman's book is divided into two parts. Part one documents the development of communication in Western civilization. The main course of his documentation is that the oral and printed methods of communication tend to be held in higher prestige because they take more brain power to learn and perfect. If a person wants to learn in an oral or printed communication based culture, he or she must learn the language, memorize customs, learn to read, learn to write, etc. Postman even goes so far to say that print communication controls your physical body as well -- that a person's body must remain at least semi-mobile in order to pay attention to what the words are trying to say. In chapter 4, Postman details how the development and success of the printed word in Western civilization created what he calls The Typographic Mind, a mind set where a person from the 17th, 18th or 19th centuries could endure and pay attention to lengthy written tomes or lengthy speeches. Postman cites the 1858 U.S. presidential debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. One debate lasted three hours while another in 1854 went seven. When I read this, I admit I was amazed. I had known that the debates were important for many reasons, but I had no idea that they had lasted this long. I can honestly say that I don't think I could have lasted that long myself. The point that Postman is trying to make here however is that with mass electronic communication in the 20th century (television), American attention spans would never last even a fraction of that amount of time. Think of political debates on television today. To begin with the entire debate itself lasts only an hour at most. This includes commercial breaks. Candidates normally get five minutes to speak on an issue (sometimes only three) and the rebuttals are usually only just as long. So many of the recent televised presidential debates are successful if a candidate comes up with a great sound bite. Persons can cite the Lloyd Bentsen - Dan Quayle debate of 1992 for evidence of that. Postman argues that there is an inherent danger in this. With important topics such as politics, religion and education being pared down to 15 second sound bites on the evening news, Americans do not get the whole picture. Many critical issues and concerns are left out and trivialized at times. Part two of Postman's book goes more into current examples of his theories. One chapter discusses how television mixes with religion, while another goes into more detail about politics and television and another goes into detail about education and television. These chapters provide more specific, concrete examples of the points Postman is trying to make and they do an excellent job of helping the reader better grasp his ideas. Younger readers may not understand some of the examples used in his book (there are many references to late 1970's through mid 1980's programs here) but it is extremely easy to apply Postman's theories to television today. His ideas are just as relevant. To make my point -- on the issue of attention span, I heard today that the National Hockey League is considering rules to help speed up the game. After game six of this year's Stanley Cup playoffs lasted until 1:30am Eastern Time, the NHL has decided to allow only four players on a team during overtime periods next season. The logic is that the games will be faster and decided faster in